![]() Sight Proprioception Sense of position of body in space Down Regulation of Sight Adaptation to being bright out ![]() Takes a few seconds to work Sensory Adaptation Hearing adaptation Higher noise -> muscle contracts to dampen vibrations in inner ear/protect eardrum door opening is still rectangle) Color Constancy Still perceive object as same color despite changes in lighting Hearing Adaptation Uses inner ear muscle Things farther away move slower, closer things move faster Constancy Perception of object doesn't change even if image cast on retina is different (size, color, or shape) Size Contancy Even if object moves closer, it it still same size Shape Constancy Object stays same shape even if moving (i.e. The closer an object it is perceived as being bigger Interposition Overlap -> if one object is in front of another object in front is closer Relative Height Things higher are perceived to be father away than those that are lower Shading and Contour Light and shadows help perceive form (depth and contours) Motion Parallax Monocular cues give "relative motion" Things close-> eyes contract Monocular Cues Form, motion constancy Relative Size Can infer with one eye Too much of this can cause stress/anxiety Alpha Waves Daydreaming (8-13 Hz)ĭisappear in drowsiness but reappear in deep sleep Theta Waves Slower/lower frequency than alpha waves (4-7 Hz)ĭrowsiness Delta Waves Slowest wave (0.5-3 Hz)ĭeep sleep or coma Perceptual Organization of Visual Cues Depth, form, motion, constancy Binocular Cues Retinal disparityĬonvergence Retinal Disparity Eyes 2.5 inches apart gives sense of depth Convergence Gives human idea of depth based on how much eyeballs turn before you wake up but more N3 right as you go to bed N1 -> N2 -> N3 -> N2 -> REM -> N1 Sleep Cycle Beta Waves Highest frequency brain wave ( 12-30 Hz) Most important for memory consolidation (episodic memories, procedural) Paradoxical Sleep In REM sleep, brain is active and awake but body prevents it from doing anything REM vs. ![]() Sleep spindles Stage 3 Sleep Waves Delta Waves (Slow wave) Stage 3 Sleep Characteristics Sleep walking/talking occursĭeclarative memory consolidation REM Waves Alpha, beta, and dyssynchronous waves REM Sleep Characteristics Muscles paralyzed ![]() Sleep-based memory consolidation, especially for declarative/explicit memories Stage 2 Sleep Characteristics Harder to awaken Might inhibit certain perceptions so you stay asleep K-Complexes Suppress cortical arousal and keep you asleep K-Complexes Sleep Spindles Bursts of rapid brain activity Hypnic Jerks Hypnagonic Hallucinations Hearing of seeing thing that aren't there (in stage 1 sleep) Tetris Effect If you play Tetris right before bed, you might see visual images of blocks during sleep Hypnic Jerks Feeling of falling muscle twitches you sometimes experience during sleep Stage 2 Sleep Waves Theta Waves Spatial processing, orientation, manipulation Somatosensory Cortex Sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain Occipital Lobe Visual processing Temporal Lobe Auditory cortex, Wernicke's Area, Limbic System Auditory Cortex Sound processing Wernicke's Area Speech processing Limbic System Memory and emotion Stage 1 Sleep Wave Type Theta waves Stage 1 Sleep Characteristics Hypnagonic Hallucinations Prefrontal Cortex Executive function, impulse control, long-term planning Primary Motor Cortex Motor function (frontal lobe) Broca's Area Speech production Parietal Lobe Somatosensory cortex ![]()
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